Cementing material and process of making same.



- THOMAS W. GAPPON, OF YORK, N. Y.

CEEMENTING MATERIAL AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 5, 1908.

Application filed Afiril 11, 1904.. Serial No. 202,646.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS W. CAPPoN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and-useful Improvement in Cementing Material and Process of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention has relation to an improved form of cement or mortar wherein the carbonating of the lime is made independent of the carbon dioxid of the atmosphere,

, and wherein the necessary carbonic acid is supplied by appropriate chemical reactions within the mass.

Hardening action on my improved mortar or cement is further romoted by the simul-,

taneous production 0 magnesium oxychlorid which hardness continues to increase with.

age for a long time.

In ordinarylime mortars, the hardening results from the conversion of the calcium hydrate into calcium carbonates, basic and normal, resulting from absorption of carbon dioxid from the surrounding air. The consequence is that in this case the hardening process only takes place progressively from the exposed surface inwards and the so called egg shell hardness results. It follows from the dependence of ordinary mortar upon contact with the carbonic acid of the atmosphere for hardening that such mortarbecomes practically worthless in localities where the carbonic acid of the air is excluded;' and for this reason its use is con-' demned even in out of door masonry where the walls are so thick that action from the surface becomes proportionately insignificant. In my improved mortar I provide for carbonating a due proportion of lime by certain special reactions. The materials are present throughout the body of the mortar or cement so that hardenin takes place all through the mass instead 0 proceeding inward gradually from the surface. The hardening of my mortar or cement is therefore independent of any contact with carbonic acid at the surface and I may use it in many localities where ordinary mortars are not suitable.

I find that when calcium chlorid and magnesium carbonate are brought together with magnesium and calcium hydrate ln the presence of water, a double decomposition takes place. The magnesium of the carbonate, taking the chlorin from the calcium unites with the magnesium hydrate to form magnesium oxy-chlorid, while the carbonic acid of the magnesium unites with the calcium to form a carbonate of lime which on reaction with the calcium hydrate present forms a basic carbonate. chlorid and the carbonate of lime thus produced become elements ofstrength and hard ness in the mortar. It is this carbonation of calcium chlorid by magnesium carbonate and hydrate combined which lies at the root of my im roved process.

Whi e my invention is applicable to use in mortars reparedor mixed immediately before use, prefer to employ it in the roduction of dry mortar or cement whic 1 takes the form of a dry powdered mixture which becomes an effective mortar as soon as water is a plied thereto.

T e process of preparing my com ound is a very sim 1e one requiring neither eat nor addition 0 moisture.

The best results can be attained in accordance with my invention bymixing 4.76 per cent. of calcium chlorid with 7114 per cent. of magnesium carbonate, about 40 per cent. of ma nesium hydrate and 48 per cent. of calcium drate. preferably al mixed together in a dry state, although I am not confined to the use of dry materials. Any well known mixing means may be employed. The proportions above stated are to be calculated by wei ht.

The above proportions are suitab e where air is not totally excluded, but it is to be understood that they may be greatly varied and that where air is completely-excluded it is better to use a larger proportion of the first three ingredients than is above stated. These may in such cases be'doubled or even tripled without injurious results. The cement roduced substantially as above stated is use where mixed with sand,,powdered stone or the like, the proportions of which can be varied to suit the circumstances.

My present invention is independent of the sources of the materials and of the particular cement from Within, which consists in carbonating calcium chlorid by the combined action of powdered magnesium carbonate,

and magnesium hydrate in the presence of water, whereby the carbonation of the lime is produced throughout the mass inde-' Both the magnesium oxy- These ingredients are pendently of the carbonic acid of the air, substantially as described.

2. The rocess of making a mortar or cement, w ich consists in mixing calcium chlorid with magnesium carbonate and ma ncsium hydrate, substantially as described? 3. The rocess of making a mortar or cement, which consists in mixing ca cium chlorid with magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydrate and calcium hydrate in substantially the proportions hereinbefore specified, substantially as described.

4. A dr cement powder consisting of a mixture 0 calcium chlorid, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydrate, substantially as described.

5. A dr cement powder consisting of a mixture 0 calcium chlorid, powdered magnesium carbonate and powdered magnesium and calcium hydrates, substantially as described.

6. A dry cement powder consisting of about 4.76 per cent. of calcium chlorid, 7.14 per cent. of magnesium carbonate, 40 per cent. of magnesium hydrate and 48 per cent.

of calcium hydrate all mixed in a dry powdered form, substantially as described.

7. A mortar or cemefit composed of a wet mixture of calcium chlorid, magnesium carbpnate and magnesium hydrate, substan tially as described.

8. A mortar or cement composed of a mixture of calcium chlorid, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydrate and calcium hydrate, substantially as described.

9. A mortar or cement composed of a mixture of calcium chlorid, magnesium carbonate and calcium hydrate, substantially as described.

10. As a means for accom lishing carbonation of cementing salts wit out contact with the atmosphere for hardening cement, mixing the same with magnesium carbonate and water in the presence of ma nesium hydrate, substantially as described.

THOMAS W. UAPPON Witnesses:

II. S. MAoKAYE, FLORENCE PIoK. 

